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KMID : 0391520140220040202
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Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
2014 Volume.22 No. 4 p.202 ~ p.209
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Clinical Presentation and Prognosis of Pediatric Encephalitis: Experience of a Korean Single Tertiary Center
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Park Jun-Sung
Yum Mi-Sun
Kim Eun-Hee
Yoo Ree-Nar
Lee Yun-Jeong
Ko Tae-Sung
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Abstract
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Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the clinical presentations, diagnostic findings and prognosis of pediatric patients with the broad definition of “encephalitis”, that is inflammation of brain, in a single Korean tertiary center.
Method: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients who had been diagnosed with encephalitis from January 2000 to July 2013 at the Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital. We classified encephalitis in three categories of etiology
which are infectious, para-infectious and primary inflammatory. The initial presentation, radiological and electroencephalographic findings, treatments and outcomes were reviewed.
Results: During the 13-year study period, we found 199 pediatric cases of encephalitis. 128 (64.3%), 50 (25.1%), and 21 (10.5%) cases were classified as infectious, parainfectious and primary inflammatory encephalitis, respectively. They presented with fever (62.3%), altered mentality (51.3%), seizures (52.8%) and motor dysfunction (37.7%). Specific pathogens were proven in only 32 (25%) patients from 128 infectious encephalitis. Among 185 patients who had been followed up, 127 cases (68.6%) recovered without sequela and 50 cases (27%) with sequelae. Eight cases (4.3%), six with
infectious encephalitis, one with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and the other with Reye syndrome, expired.
Conclusion: Infectious etiology is suggested in a great part of the pediatric encephalitis and additional efforts are needed to find specific etiologies of encephalitis in many cases. Considering the high mortality and morbidity of the pediatric encephalitis, prompt evaluations and appropriate treatment should be implemented.
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KEYWORD
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Pediatric encephalitis, Etiology, Clinical presentation, Prognosis
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